Carbon Fibre Reinforcement Weights And Weaves Explained
- Posted on 30 October, 2021
- Hair Knowledge
- By Anonymous
►Full project details and links https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/learn...
Further information and links ▼
In this tutorial we take a look at different types of carbon fibre reinforcement and discuss their various properties such as weight, weave and format, and tow size (k-count). By the end of the tutorial you should have a better understanding of how these properties impact the behaviour of the reinforcement and therefore how to choose the right carbon fibre fabric for your project.
All of the different carbon fibre reinforcements demonstrated in the tutorial are available to buy from the Easy Composites website.
Please note, EU customers should now use https://www.easycomposites.eu to buy products directly from our new EU subsidiary based in the Netherlands.
Woven Carbon Fibre Cloth
► 90g Plain Weave 1k https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/90g-p...
► 210g 2x2 Twill 3k https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/200g-...
► 210g Plain Weave 3k https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/90g-p...
► 375g 5HS 6k https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/375g-...
► 450g 2x2 Twill 12k https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/416g-...
► 650g 2x2 Twill 12k https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/650g-...
Unidirectional and Multiaxial Carbon Fibre
► 100g Unidirectional https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/100g-...
► 250g Unidirectional https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/250g-...
► 300g +/- 45 Biaxial https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/300g-...
Spread Tow
► 160g Plain Weave https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/160g-...
► 160g Twill Weave https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/160g-...
Carbon Fibre Tow
► 3k Tow https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/3k-ca...
► 6k Tow https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/6k-ca...
► 12k Tow https://www.easycomposites.co.uk/12k-c...
Hi paul here from easy composites and today we're going to be looking at the carbon fiber fabrics themselves. So these are the fabrics or cloths that go into making carbon fiber parts. Now, if you are new to these materials, making the correct choice for your particular application. Can be a little bit confusing, but honestly, it doesn't need to be in this video we'll take an overview over all of the most common types, weave styles and weights, that you're likely to encounter and look at the key differences between them and how that affects your Choice for a particular application, we'll start by looking at the weaving process and then we'll go on to look at the different weave. Styles, unidirectionals and multi-axials spread toes fabric weights and cake outs and hopefully, at the end of all of this you'll, have a good basic understanding of these reinforcements and be able to make an appropriate choice for your project. All carbon fiber fabrics and cloth start out life as this carbon fiber toe. So i've got a single strand of toe here, but this one strand is actually made up of many thousands of individual filaments. In the case of this 6k, i've got 6 000 filaments here now. If we look under the microscope, you can see just how fine these individual filaments are and to put that into perspective, that's about 10 times less than that of a human hair. Now we won't be going into any detail as to how these filaments are actually made in this video, but in simple terms, it starts out life as a plastic filament, which is then superheated and carbonized into almost pure carbon. These are then treated and grouped together and spooled up ready for weaving like this. So let's go over and take a look at the weaving process. The weaving process starts here with the creel. This is where each individual spool of carbon is loaded, and every single one of these represents one of the fibers that run down the length of the roll. These are called the warp fibers, and each of these spools has to be individually loaded by hand and threaded through a set of eyelets before it goes into the loom. So this is the business end of the loop. This is where the weaving actually takes place and we have all of the warp fibres running into the loom, and these are separated in alternating patterns, and this will vary depending on the weave style you have, and then we have the fiber, which runs from right to Left which is fed from a single spool - and this is the weft fiber and all that happens is these fibers are separated, alternating, creating the fabric itself. So let's start the machine and have a look at the process. I'M running the loom at a slower speed than normal, so we can get a better view of. What'S going on, you can see the wet fiber being passed through the separated or shed warped, toes changing the order that these are separated changes. The pattern that's produced. So let's go back to the workshop and look at the resulting cloth. So let's take a look at the two most common patterns that you'll encounter and they are a plane weave and a 2 2 twill. Looking at this scaled up model of the plane weave, you can see it's just about simplest weave pattern. You could imagine each toe just runs under one toe, then over one toe under one toe and over one toe, and it does that in both directions. If we now look at the twill weave, we have exactly the same fiber running in both the warp and the weft, but in this case each one now goes over two toes and then under two toes. So it's essentially the same cloth. Just the pattern has changed. So why would you choose one of these over the other? Well, the main differences, apart from the obvious aesthetic difference, are handleability and drape ability the plane weave, having twice as many places where the fibers cross one another does bind itself together better, and this makes it less prone to fraying and snagging. It'S also less likely to warp particularly useful if you're working on a large panel, the twill weave having half as many intersections, is much more fragile, so it will fray more easily, but with that, it also follows contours more easily. So if we have a look at how this drapes over a hemisphere, you'll see straight away that it follows the contours very, very readily it just drapes over that without any difficulty at all. Whereas if we do the same thing with the plane weave, you should straight away see that it doesn't want to follow the contours as easily. It can be manipulated down, but it is more difficult to get it to follow these tight compound curves. Another subtle difference between these two fabrics is something called crimp. Crimp refers to how much a toe has to zigzag along its path and in the case of a plane weave, it has to zigzag twice as often because it's going over and under every single toe, and you can think of these zigzags like coils on a spring. The more you have, the stretcher, it will be so if you made a laminate with a fiber with lots of crimp theoretically at least it will be slightly less stiff when it comes under initial load. Now, the difference here really is subtle. So, unless you're working on something incredibly critical, it's probably not something you're going to need to consider we'll move on now and have a look at some of the fiber types that you might encounter here. We have a 4 4 twill, a 4 4 twill is woven in a similar style to a 2-2, but in this case it goes over four toes and then under four toes, and this makes for a very drapable fabric. Along with that, though, it's also incredibly fragile, and for this reason it's quite rare to find this or use this as a dry reinforcement. You will occasionally see it as a prepreg, because the prepreg resin stabilizes the fiber and makes it a little bit more handleable. This is a model of a five harness satin and it's woven by sending the toes over four toes and then under one in both the warp and the weft direction, and these points harness the warp and the weft direction together. But what that does leave you with is an imbalanced ply, so we have most of the weft reinforcement running on the top surface here most of the warp reinforcement running on the bottom surface. So if you were to make a single ply laminate, you would have a noticeable difference in the way that it flexes in one direction to another on multiply laminates, it's not likely to be a big problem, but it still might be something you need to consider. But overall harness weaves do have great drapeability and they've got very low crimp, but this does come at the compromise of it being slightly fragile and slightly difficult to handle. So those are the most common weave styles covered. We'Ll move on now to take a look at unidirectional and multi-axial reinforcements looking first at uni-directionals, these have all of the fibers running down the length of the roll, and this can be particularly useful if your application also has nearly all of its load running in one Direction now this might be an archery bow or maybe the master on a boat. In the case of the dry reinforcements, the fibers are held together with either a slight weft stitch or in the case of this one, a slight resin binder. Now this stitch or binder will compromise the drapeability slightly. So if we have a look under the hemisphere here, you can see that the fiber has a tendency to wrinkle or to crease, as it's going around that contour in the case of prepreg unidirectionals. This isn't so much of a problem and you can get it around some quite complicated compound curves, but for dry reinforcements, maybe in a resin infusion. It might be something that you have to consider. So another variation of a unidirectional is a multi-axial which effectively you can think of as multiple plies of uni-directional. This particular reinforcement is a biaxial. You can think of multi-axials as multiple layers of uni-directional. So here we have a plus minus 45 degrees. So we have reinforcement running on the top surface in this direction at 45 degrees and then the opposite direction underneath and this type of reinforcement is particularly useful when you want to add torsional stiffness to a part. Other common configurations for multi-axials are tri-axials. So if we took this uni-directional that we've got underneath and then a plus minus 45 degree biaxial effectively, we've we've built a triaxial here. Um triaxials are the reinforcement of choice in skis and snowboards, where you want strength down the length of the ski you want. Torsional stiffness, but actually stiffness across the width. Isn'T that important? So you don't need to put reinforcement in that axis. One thing to consider with unidirectional multi-axial fibers with resin infusion is the wet out rate of the fiber because they're not woven they don't offer a clear path for the resin to flow through. So they do infuse very very slowly. So you might need to slow down your resin infusion rates to allow time for the resin to fully saturate the fiber underneath. This is particularly noticeable in thick laminates over, say, five millimeters. Another fabric format that you might encounter are spread toe cloths and these are made by flattening and spreading a toe into a very thin ribbon prior to weaving, and what this creates is a very thin and flat reinforcement with very little crimp. So in theory, it can make slightly stiffer panels. Another advantage of this very thin flat format is that it creates very little print through on the surface which can be advantageous in aerodynamically critical parts. I will say, though, that they are quite tricky to handle they're, not too bad in a prepreg format, but certainly in dry format. Tight compound curves often leads to wrinkling and creasing. Now, on shallow compound curves, say on the roof skin of a car. This isn't too bad, but on something like this, i would probably consider using an alternative reinforcement. We'Ll now take a quick look at carbon fiber non-wovens. This particular one is made using recycled fiber and it has randomly oriented fibers. So the strength runs equally in all directions. That being said, the strength that it does offer isn't that great, and so it's pretty rare to see these used in structural applications where they can come in useful, though, is stuffing into tight and complicated areas in a hand. Layup or a resin infusion, they also make a good bulking material in carbon fiber mold making. So that's the main weave patterns and reinforcement formats covered. Let'S now move on and take a look at different fabric weights. When you look at the product name of a carbon fiber cloth, you will see that it has an aerial weight. Typically, this is in grams per square meter and it simply refers to the weight of the cloth per square meter. So a square meter of 210 gram cloth would weigh 210 grams. So what does this mean for your laminate? Well, you can think of aerial weight and material thickness as interlinked, and a simple rule of thumb you can use is to take the aerial weight in grams per square meter and equate that to the thickness it will provide in points of a millimeter. So a 210 gram cloth would provide 0.21 millimeters of thickness a 450 gram, 0.45 millimeters and so on. You can see from this how easy it would be to calculate the overall laminate thickness simply by adding up the aerial weights of all of the plies within it. If you don't know where to start on panel thickness, a really rough estimation you can use is to equate it to mild steel for any given thickness of carbon fiber. It will perform in a similar way to mild steel. Now this is really an oversimplification. There are a number of factors that can affect this, but if you're just looking to replace a steel panel with a carbon one, it's not a bad place to start well now, look at the range of weights, starting at the bottom end, which is typically around about 80 or 90 grams per square meter here we have a 90 gram plain weave. Then we've got our favorite 210 gram, twill a 450 gram twill and finally, a 650 gram. Twill now fabric weights can get much heavier than this, but for most general applications, you'll see they stop at around about the 600 to 800 grams per square meter mark. So how do you choose between the different weights of fabric? Well, the lighter you go, the more pliable the material is so it's easier to get into tight and complicated. Geometries and also multiple plies of a light fabric will be slightly stiffer in flex than say, a single ply of a heavier fabric, and the reason for that is the individual plies work against one another in a similar way to a sandwich structure. You'Ll also find that you get less print through now. Print through is the effect of a ripple on the surface created by the weave and the lighter. The weave is the smaller and flatter it sits. So it creates less of this print through the reason why you might use a heavier fabric is predominantly down to cost. These materials are faster and cheaper to weave so for any given thickness. You do get a lot more value from them. Also, there are less pliers to lay up into the mold, so there's going to be a labor saving there. When we look over these materials, you will notice that the actual weave size is different between them and the main reason for this is the toe that they're made from fabrics can be woven from a number of different sizes of toe. So when you look at the product name for a carbon fiber fabric, it will have a number followed by the letter k. That number will typically be 1, 3, 6 or 12 k, and what that refers to are how many thousand filaments are in the toe that that particular fabric is made from what it doesn't refer to is the grade of carbon fiber. So, in the case of a 6k toe, if you were to split that down the middle effectively, you just created two 3k toes another thing that it doesn't necessarily refer to is the weight or thickness of the fabric and the same toe can be used to weave A variety of different weights. So if we take a look here at the 450 gram and 650 gram fabrics, these are both made from the same 12k toe. The only difference between these are how tightly the toes are woven. In the case of the 650 gram, they're much much more tightly packed in together and that's what's known as the pit count. So, although looking at this, it looks like a smaller weave, it is in fact a thicker fabric. So that's the most common weave patterns and reinforcement styles that you're likely to encounter if this is still leaving you confused as to what might be suitable for your particular application. Let'S try and break it down into what really matters. If you do have a very specific direction of loading, then it's likely that you're going to be using a uni-directional or multi-axial to put that fiber in the direction that you need it, but for most other general applications, a woven cloth is going to give you a Really good balance of performance when it comes to woven cloth pattern types, the 2-2 twill is probably the one to go for this offers a great balance of drape ability and handle ability, and that's why it is by far and away the most common weave pattern. For the surface ply, of course you can use any reinforcement, that's got the look that you want, but if this isn't something that's critical, then a 210 gram is probably the one to go, for it's got great drapeability. It conforms really well. It has quite low print through on the surface, and it is the sort of stereotypical carbon fiber appearance that you'll be familiar with, seeing in lots of different places when it comes to semi-structural parts such as car body work, you may well have a 210 gram on The surface, but on simpler shapes, it's often the most cost effective to bulk that out with a heavier 450 gram or maybe 650 gram twill on the back of that, all you need to do is build up the number of plies to the thickness that you want. That final part to be using the method that we discussed earlier in this video, i suppose we've only just really scratched the surface of what could be made into a very complicated subject. There are some other factors that we've not covered, such as fibre grades, hybrid fabrics, laminate, balancing fiber, wet out and a host of other factors that might come into fabric selection. But hopefully this has given you a good fundamental understanding of the subject. As a leading supplier of composite materials, please visit the easy composites website where you'll find out much more information on all of the reinforcements used in this video, alongside our entire range of composite materials and equipment. I do hope that you found the information in this video interesting. If you have, we always appreciate a like and a subscribe and thanks to all of our customers for your support. If there are any subjects that you would like us to cover in a future video, please post them in the comments section and we'll see you next time to order online. Our eu customers can now order from our netherlands, warehouse at easycomposites.eu and for the uk and the rest of the world. Please visit easycomposites.com, you
Comments
Alex D: Unbelievable that clear, informative content like this is free. I love the internet. Great job Easy Composites!
MicroType Engineering: Fantastic video! Hands down the best single overview video of weave types I've ever seen. Keep it up!
Luc Begin: Still the BEST source of carbon fiber and infusion methods on the web. Many thanks EC!
qCNC K: Wow, no idea you guys did your own weaving. Always thought it was some mega corp. Excellent content, as always.
mattia belfico: It would be amazing to have a dedicated series covering the different grades, types of lay-up, matrix and way of curing the different materials! Anyway, truly simple and clear explanation on this one! kudos!
TheMadScotsman: Another great truly informative video, I've learned a lot from you guys in working with CF, previously it was trial and error for projects, they were only vanity items so strength wasn't important, just being made from CF for the appearance. I've made some panels recently using a sandwich of thin spread 12k on the outside for cosmetic appearance with 2x2 and unidirectional either side of a foam panel in the middle, surprisingly strong and stiff seeing as I'm still experimenting and learning. The panel was used as a support bracket for a self made bag which I hang on my Brompton bike to carry my laptop and lunch. I use techniques learned from you guys and other youtube videos and a s a rank amateur with no proper workshop facilities, the results are impressive and improving each time. Keep up the good work, I'm keen to learn more as are I'm sure other viewers.
Toad Leap: Very informative video for beginners like me, thank you very much! I am waiting for the next one, maybe could you cover the topic of carbon grades (standard, intermediate, high modulus)? In a way that a beginner can understand ;-) Besides, could you give us an insight on how to assess or measure or test the resistance of a carbon product? For example, can a carbon plate made from one layer of a 210g 2x2 twill 3K support the weight of xx kg? Can a tube of 20mm diameter, 1mm thickness multi-directional carbon fibers support a constraint of yy N before breaking? I have a few small projects where I would like to replace some metal parts with (lighter) carbon parts of roughly the same dimensions, but I can't seem to figure out how many layers of carbon are needed in order to keep at least the same structural resistance.
FlesHBoX: Always love seeing new videos from you guys. Great information delivered in a straightforward manner that makes it easy to comprehend. I would love to see you dive a little deeper like this into concepts like determining an optimal schedule and calculating strength needs for both solid laminate and sandwich. Or if you known of good, easily available software for designing a layup (read, not some multi thousand dollar per seat enterprise level software that is utterly overboard for a home DIYer)
Anton Johannesson: Great content as always! It would be very interesting with a video on your take on repairing composites and different methods for this.
Andy K: It would be interesting to see a similar video on the different types on resin. How each ones cure, how strong they are and with which material or application they should be used. And as always: keep these exceptional videos up!! Cheers
Surfer Of Dirt: Always incredibly good videos guys. Well done and thank you
Dustmadeout: Wow, another great content from Easy Composites! Would be awesome if you could cover laminates with different core materials as well.
mf1ve: After all these years... you are still producing THE BEST videos on composites. Thanks so much!
Kevin: Thank you so much for this amazingly concise summary! There is one thing that I never quite understood though.. What's up with this 'backing it up'? Is there any particular reason for why one would start with something 'normal' like a 220 2-2 and then back it up with heavier plies? Why not start with the heavier plies right away? Is it only for the aesthetic? In a project, I have used exclusively 600 bidiagonal (with a 500 uni around its core) and I don't see why it shouldn't work. Fair enough, the surface is not as perfect, but it is still smooth.
capnthepeafarmer: Once again you guys make a phenomenal video with so much helpful information! Much appreciated! Keep up the outstanding work!
Aleix Ingles Elias: That is great guys. It woukd be great if you could also give a good explanation on the sort of strings, made with modulus properties and it's characteristics. Keep those videos coming, they are great
David Larson: You sure know your business. The progression of this presentation is flawless. The info I got from this video prepped satisfied what I need to know to continue on a project I have in mind. Thank you.
Riven Motors: Love the informative content, do have any outlets in the US? I'd totally buy from you but I think the shipping would be prohibitive. Thank you for this lesson on composites!
Advanced Composite Structures Australia | ACS-A: Excellent video @Easy Composites - very clear, informative and great content showcasing the material, inspiring the next generation of composite engineers!
SHERE_KAN: Incredible video, very understandable, even for a stranger like me (love that accent ). You are doing a great job and I have been plenty satisfied of my purchases on your website. Thanks a lot for your work
James Jenson: Thanks for the video, it is very informative. I have a purely theoretical question, what would happen, specifically what would the properties be, of a toe wetted out? Not that I intend to do this but, would it be like the unidirectional? Stiff in one direction? What about across its width, would it be brittle/fragile?
Danny Andreev: Amazing Video. Note that CF strands are ~7um not ~7nm! 1000 times larger!
Carl Newton: Excellent video again. Thanks for taking the time to make it. I would be interested to see how the actual carbon fibres are made.
Cranston: Epic video! Such good explanations. Can you make a video how the filaments are made?!? It will probably be the best video on that topic!
SpeedyV: This is incredibly great and valuable content. Thank you.
Rudolf Abelin: Dear friends, I just want to remind you about one of the main inventors of the carbon fiber. His name was Lesley N. Phillips and was a friend of my father (from Sweden, as me). He worked at the Royal Aircraft Establishment. So I played with small carbon fiber bars in the 60th as a kid.
Ben Lucas: I always learn something from you guys. Keep up the amazing work!
Wormyyyxd: I didn't know you guys actually wove your own carbon fabric! I would love to see you guys covering very, very small parts and items that you might use in your hand, like (as I've been going on about) a gaming mouse.
Alfredo Campos: I love, love, love it, thank you so much. Im planning on doing some difficult contouring shaped on car door panels for mouldings. This helps me alot as to which type of weave fabric to work with and thickness. I love this!!!!
Kent Bedford: Great video that demystifies something that until now seemed quite complex. A suggestion for a new video - wet layup of a foam core composite part - a shape a little more complex than a thin foam core
John Armstrong: Thank you. @11:15 I was looking for an explanation for multiple layers of the same weight for a long time. Well done!
P K: One of the best educational videos I found so far. I saw one and then binge watched many. Thank you for the efforts.
J Ctu: Would be helpful to have a video discussing different types of resins, surface prep, and uses
Jeffis2k: Would love to see some content on infusing bi-axial and other stitched fabrics. They are hard to wet through, especially at the heavier weights and tow sizes. All to easy to get voids and dry spots.
Matyasi Adam: Hi! Thank you for the good information. It is really helpful. As a suggestion you could make a video about temperature stability from 20°C to as high as they go. Both of the fabrics and the resins that bind them.
Max: Composites made easy! As always great content, thank you
carl white: A very clear, concise and accurate summary of (most of) the carbon fabric available. Certainly sufficient for the HammerChewer. A review of epoxies and other resins would be nice.
Lyle Wyant: Had a class where we made a mockup of an airplane flap using fiber glass. We did get to see a real Spar made using carbon fiber. We used the same layup, bagging and baking techniques. I would love to have the space to use this stuff...
Krisz G: Unbelievably good video! Very informative! Thank you! I wish you had a warehouse in the US!
Oguz Mazlum: Excellent video. Can you also make a video about resin types? Like resins that can handle higher temps or cold etc, weight differences.
D. M.: Amazing video, so well detailed & articulate too. Thank you so much for providing this.
Peter Jones: A fascinating product. Excellent explanation, I think working with carbon fiber would be very interesting. Thank you, well done!
OKLM rems: I've been loocking for a video like this since years, it's so cool, thanks alot. Any thought on forged carbon by any chance?
Celticpain Balls: Could you do this with the aramid fabrics please Please keep the videos coming as im really enjoying learning about carbonfiber so much so im looking at setting up my own business making carbonfiber and kevlar motorcycle parts
Chris Lee: Excellent video, nice and clear. How about a video on use of hybrid cloths. Also resins used in fuel tanks , took me an age of searching to find info on this.
a filos: Wonderful videos, full of solid information and very well described, thanks for sharing ! ! !
Sim-Racing: The gold standard for how to present technical info. Thanks so much!
Muneeb Ur Rehman: Been searching for this video for two years. Finally, carbon fibres explained in a way that I can understand
spanner M8: Great tutorial as usual. Is it best to lay CF over a bowl or can it be laid into the bowl? Does it matter which way?
Al-Hussain Ba Gubair: 10:18 Is this thickness inclusive of the epoxy as well? I made a simple rectangle with 7 layers of 240g weave, 7*0.24mm=1.68mm. However, This is with the epoxy, I don't know if the numbers you mentioned are with epoxy or not, which will determine if mine is a bit too thick than the norm (mine is 2mm thick) or they are not.
billiard richard: Hey thank you very much for sharing such knowledgeable videos. Please also share types of core materials and typical uses and applications of them.
Michael Angelo: "..One thing I know. I was blind but now I see" John 9:25 Absolutely eye-opening video. Thank you.
Rotorgeeks: Great video - the best I've seen on the subject. Thank you, I'll be sharing this one!
I’m James, a former TV repair tech.: With this video, I can envision making a super lightweight atv chassis. It would get away from all these people using mild steel tubing and tack welding it together.
Jeremiah Bergkvist: I would like to see some evaluation of uses for hybrid fabrics. The episode on the artic sledge was fantastic and in the spirit of what I am hoping for.
sahilj jangra: your videos are top class always... thank you very for the valuable information that you guys share and please keep doing that, you guys are the best
Grvm: very informative, could you make another video on fiberglass & resin?
Kyle Chandler: This might be your best video yet. You guys do an awesome job.
Snoop Drift-Era: Guys, you are the best. Been watching you for years and if your products were affordable for me in my country i'd definitely order materials from your company instead of local suppliers. How about custom colored fabric, btw? Is it possible to order? I've seen carbon-kevlar coloured in plenty of colours on some chinese sites. I'm asking in anvance.
Henrik - Slava Ukraini: Was so sad that my favorite shop was no longer in EU. Shipping from Netherlands, WHOOHOO!!! When my Tiny House on wheels will get built I plan on using carbon fiber composites for flooring and the lovely red one decoratively for tables and kitchen doors with fiberglass composites as outer shell and internal structures like cabinets. Every kilogram counts and want a dead material, so no wood. ps. Great information.
job oost: Very nice and intressing information, it helps a lot to understand the diverence between all the fabrics. Many thanks from your employee in the Netherlands.
Andrew Hull: great upload Thank you very much. this would be great in the use of the Surfboard manufacturing industry, In conjunction with the use of Epoxy Laminating Bio Resin Etc.
Jakub J.: Could you approximate what width and thickness the 3K, 6K and 12K roving ribbons are? Thank you :)
Antonio Rivera: Hand shown the most informative video if seen this far. Thank you!
Sebastian Wnęk: I never seen at your channel (although I haven't seen all videos, so maybe just missed!) composite of carbon - fiberglass - carbon, isn't this a good idea for cheaper manufacture of parts like car body parts? For bending most important are external layers, middle parts work much less, so could be just weaker material, just strong enough to not get compressed perpendicular to surface. And few layers of carbon plus few thick layers of fiberglass would be definitely cheaper than building whole thickness from carbon. Am I wrong?
Julie Anne Patterson: i enjoyed that. its given me so many ideas for curved structures of my bass speaker box designs that i cant do with timber and have the smoothness, strength and weight. cheers i only stumbled on this site by chance. good work. cheers
cmmguy: Another excellent instructional video from Easy Composites!
SoonAnn S: amazing video, i din learn all these during my composite modules lectures back in uni
Andre Silva: You answered many questions I've been asking the wrong people for many years. Thank you!!
miller chassis: thanks so much guys, i found that really helpful, thanks so much. are these the same materials used in pre-preg just with the resin soaked into them?
Mike McDermid: Great video! I'm going to be carbon fiber skinning a jetski hull here soon! Having a hard time deciding on what product to use
iforce2d: What a great overview! If I connect the front of my foot to the back of a car, can I tow my toe with tow?
Bill McCaffrey: I saw where an Italian bicycle manufacturer was using various types of Tow and directly weaving the shapes they need. The arguments were cost and design control. Do you see any other areas where the Tow is used directly?
FlesHBoX: Do you have a link for more information on the comparison of plate thickness between steel and cf? Trying to google that information just returns people arguing over whether steel or cf are "stronger", lol.
Nick Sutton: Thank you so much for this. I am a DIY CF newbie, searching for nuggets of information to help me as I stumble along. Here I find not a nugget but a gold mine... ...or is that a carbon mine?
Michial Scruggs: The company I work for Is the standard in this and he is spot on with what he is talking about
Tiny Caseates: Paul always bring the best composite tutorials on the web, what a talent
hfranke07: Great again. You guys know how to tell stuff. Thanks
James Banana: I would love to see a comparison with Glass fibre, for us who don't want to spend the money on carbon when just getting started.
máté Szentes: Thank you for your work, excellent video as always. Just a suggestion, i know ,,forged" carbon isn't a diy process but i really appreciate an explanation of that and maybe some tutorial from chopped fiber skinning or infusion. Thank you so much.
Alexander Rydberg: Finally! I have been looking for such a video for a while now
RCnerd74: Love your helpful videos. I will try your carbon wrapping solution on my rc plane build soonAll the details will follow on my channel...
ScrewDrvr: Always excited when I see a new video from you guys.
Mike Petersen: Thank you for the great overview!
Dan Martin: Always great info. Thanks!
Michigan_Supercars: This video is very facinating! I've never seen a video going in-depth about carbon fiber.
Phạm Dương: love this, looking for your future videos!
Nicolas : This channel is exactly what I needed. I owe you one
Harry Paul Garcia: Appreciated. Confirmed some information, learned more too. Thanks
Dávid Červeň: So, if I want to make a carbon fiber car wing (downforce) what area weight, weave & fiber count should I choose ?
Ben Lucas: I came to YouTube to be entertained, but apparently I took a wrong turn and am now sitting in a lecture hall. No complaints! Great detailed information from a practical point of view. I love it!
Hoss: Great video!!! Can I use 210g 2x2 twill 3k for a large vehicle hood, truck or door?
Bondy: Brilliant professional presentation
CE7: Best video ever about composites! Congratulations!!
En Dos Ruedas UK: Outstanding video!! Thank you!!
BigChief: Great video, any chance on doing a video on forge carbon?
Jonesy: Everything I know about carbon fiber, I know from you. I'd like a video about the autoclave oven, please. Someday I will have one of your ovens and I would like to know how to use it.
Regarding Automobiles: Great explanation. Great channel.
Makan Tahi: i mostly work with glass fiber, and 160g/m2 is mostly used, but when worked with 160g CF it was ticker because is lighter, so is 80gCF same tickness as 160g GS
Χρήστος Βασιλείου: On 10:10 you're saying that my final laminate's thickness will be 450g cloth=0.45mm (I assume that this is after resin injection). On 13:05 you are measuring the dry 450g cloth and it said 0.45mm thickness. So the infusion of the resin will not affect my final part's thickness? Or is it too small to count?